BIMARU, an acronym formed from the first letters of the names of the states of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh, is often used to describe the sad state of these states in terms – the poverty, misgovernance, and welfare measures. The term is often used interchangeably with words like cow belt, Hindu heartland by the left-liberal media establishment (often in a prejudiced way).
One state often skipped when describing everything that is wrong with India is West Bengal. The domination of leftists in academia, media, publishing, bureaucracy and other ‘intellectual’ domains ensured that West Bengal, despite one of the best examples of bad governance, is kept out of the picture when the bad side of India is being depicted.
The recent killings of more than a dozen workers and the exodus of Hindu minorities to neighbouring Assam has, once again, shown the prevalence of political violence in the state. Since the Communist parties came to power in the 1970s, West Bengal has witnessed political violence after almost every election. The Communist parties governed the state for 34 years with the generous help of political violence by its cadre, and when Mamata Banerjee uprooted the Communist rule, she simply co-opted the culture instead of changing this.
On the other hand, the so-called BIMARU states witness a very smooth transfer of power despite the fact that the government changes after almost every election in states like Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan. Even Madhya Pradesh and Bihar, which have been governed mostly by BJP – the fascist party according to liberals – for the last one and a half decades witness a very smooth transition after every election.
Now coming to development indicators, in which West Bengal has consistently declined in the last few decades in comparison to other states. Till the 1960s, West Bengal was the richest state of the country and Kolkata was the financial capital of the country but today, the state is ranked 23rd in terms of the index of Indian states by per capita income.
Despite housing one of the largest metros of the country (in terms of population), which still carries enormous economic weight, the state of West Bengal is among the poorest of the country in terms of per capita income. However, per capita income would not be the right measure to describe the poverty, malnutrition in which the people of districts in rural areas are living because Kolkata’s relatively better indicators hide the reality of these districts when we see statewide data.
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In the districts like Malda, Murshidabad, South Dinajpur, Birbhum and Nadia, many families have the purchasing power of less than 50 rupees per day and are living in a hand to mouth situation. Many families have almost all the people unemployed because the state does not have industries and their family members are not educated enough to work in the services sector. These families are able to survive only because the Union government has a scheme for free ration under the National Food Security Act.
In the last three decades, India has grown exponentially but Bengal was left behind in this growth story. Maitreesh Ghatak, Professor of Economics at London School of Economics, in an article published in Hindustan Times based on National Sample Survey data of the last three decades, argued that “West Bengal has fallen behind more, relative to the national average (in terms of consumption in urban areas), over the last decade.”
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And, for rural areas, he argued, “Between 1993-94 and 1999-2000, West Bengal’s growth was 0.3%, which was well below the national average of 2.3%. During the next decade, there was some improvement both at the state level (2.4%) and the national level (3.2%) but West Bengal was still trailing behind the national average.”
The miserable condition in which the people of West Bengal (especially those outside Kolkata) are living is not exposed in the ‘intellectual’ sphere of India, thanks to the domination of Bengali Bhadralok in these fields, most of whom are supporters of Communist or Trinamool Congress. The BIMARU acronym definitely needs a modification to include the state of West Bengal given its culture of political violence and poor performance on socio-economic indicators.