Japan‘s Slim (Smart Lander for Investigating Moon) mission has now touched on the Moon.
If this proves to have been a safe landing, Japan will become only the fifth country to land on the moon.
Slim has completed its descent to the lunar surface and we are awaiting confirmation of whether the landing was a success.
JAXA, Japan’s space agency, expects the landing to take around 20 minutes, with touchdown expected by 15:20 GMT.
MailOnline will also be bringing you all the latest updates as the landing progresses, so make sure you check back in!
The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) will attempt to become the fifth nation to successfully land on the moon today as Slim (Smart Lander for Investigating Moon) prepares for its risky final descent to the lunar surface
Shortly after 2300 Japanese Standard Time (15:00 GMT), Slim began its descent to the lunar surface.
And according to JAXA, the lander will take only 20 minutes for Slim to land.
However, Kushiki Kenji, Sub-Project Manager of the SLIM Mission said: ‘The start of the deceleration to the landing on the Moon’s surface is expected to be a breathless, numbing 20 minutes of terror!’
Slim is currently in the third boost stage and mere minutes away from the final descent.
Now less than 5m, the craft will need to carefully balance its fuel consumption to ensure a soft landing.
When Slim reached 500m the first hover stage will began.
The craft will now aim to hover 50m above the lunar surface, scanning for any obstacles or boulders.
The craft is looking for a safe place to land before touching down.
At 2m the two step landing will begin.
We are now in the vertical descent stage. the final stage in the landing process.
This is the critical moment of the landing attempt when Slim will need to make a challenging landing on a sloping surface surrounded by debris.
Slim’s current trajectory (red) is closely matching the planned route (white) and JAXA says that the current velocity is good as the lander enters the second boost stage
As the mass of the craft falls the velocity is increasing which will continue to increase during the entire boost stage.
When Slim reached an altitude of lower than 15km above the moon it entered a second coasting stage and use its image scanning to find a landing site.
Once Slim touches down we will know whether the landing has been successful almost immediately.
However, it may take weeks up to months to determine how accurate the landing was.
On the screen now you will be able to see a number of measurements giving information about the craft, its location, and its fuel status.
JAXA scientists are currently waiting for the Slim’s descent to the lunar surface to begin, once the craft starts its landing procedure it will touchdown within 20 minutes
The red line of the graph indicates Slim’s current trajectory while the while line indicates the planned route.
This is the same telemetry that is being watched by JAXA scientists in the flight control room.
So far, telemetry readings seem to suggest that Slim is on track.
At an altitude of 20km Slim began the first boost stage.
This boost continued for a little more than a minute, burning the limited supply of fuel carried on the lander.
According to JAXA, the velocity of the descent remains in the correct window, bringing the craft to 25 km at which point Slim entered coasting mode.
The craft now begins to scan the terrain to find the exact landing site.
Now Slim has entered powered descent mode you will be able to see the trajectory of the approach in detail.
Slim will attempt a challenging soft landing on a slope near the Shioli crater. To land safely, it will need to touchdown within a 330 ft area, a level of accuracy so high that the project has earned the nickname ‘Moon Sniper’
Around half of all attempted lunar landings ever attempted have failed, with landing being the most risky moment.
To make things even more difficult, JAXA is attempting a ‘soft landing’, meaning it wants to get the lander to the surface without damaging any of the equipment.
While being dragged down by the Moon’s gravity, Slim will have to constantly fire its rockets to slow down just enough.
The goal of the mission is not only to land on the moon but to continue to build Japan’s ambitions in space.
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency JAXA representatives say that a successful landing would pave the way for a future crewed landing in a pressurised rover.
Space agencies from around the world have been writing to wish JAXA good luck with the mission .
NASA’s Goddard flight centre wrote in a tweet: ‘Good luck from your friends at NASA Goddard!’
However, the space agency is leaving little up to luck with its new precision landing systems.
Last year, a lander launched by private Japanese company ISpace, slammed into the moon when its onboard computer became confused about its altitude.
To make sure Slim doesn’t make the same error, JAXA has developed a system of ‘Smart Eyes’ which rapidly processes photos of the surface to help guide the craft down.
By matching the pockmarked surface of the moon against data collected by previous landers, Slim can navigate to a far greater degree of precision.
However, JAXA is not making things easy and has chosen a particularly hazardous landing site.
The lander was launched in September from Tanegashima island, Kagoshima prefecture last September. In addition to the Slim lander, the rocket also carried an X-ray satellite jointly created by NASA
The rocket (pictured) brought Slim to its lunar orbit where the lander is currently holding an altitude of 9.3 miles (15km) above the lunar surface
Mr Kenji said: ‘Lunar orbiters such as Kaguya, the USA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), and India’s Chandrayaan missions have provided large amounts of high-resolution observation data of the lunar surface.
‘Therefore, interest in lunar science and resource exploration has shifted from “somewhere on the Moon’s surface” to “that rock next to this specific crater”.’
Slim will attempt to touchdown on a slope near the equatorial crater of Shioli, a region strewn with debris that could topple the lander over.
The craft will need to land precisely within its target zone to avoid a potentially catastrophic crash.
But the scientific benefits of such a landing could be great since this region of the moon is suspected to have been formed by ancient volcanic activity.
JAXA said: ‘A closer look at such minerals could reveal information about the Moon’s interior structure and formation.
Slim will attempt a two-stage landing, first descending vertically and using its image processing software to navigate down. Next, the lander will turn on its side and attempt to land horizontally on its four legs. During this time, as shown in the diagram, Slim will also launch two micro-robots, LEV-1 and LEV-2
Slim is not intended to last very long on the moon as the side of the crater will soon be plunged into darkness.
Out of reach of the sun, Slim’s solar panels will soon lose power and the lander will likely break in the plummeting temperatures.
However, JAXA has also sent two mini-robots which they hope will help gather vital data before time runs out.
One is a 4.4 lbs (2kg) hopping robot which will fling itself around the rocky surface.
The other is a ball-shaped robot developed by Tomy, the same company that developed the Transformers toys.
The toy manufacturer has used the same transforming tech to help this micro-drone change shape while it explores the surrounding area.
The larger robot (left) is designed to ‘hop’ around the lunar surface while the smaller, ball-shaped robot (right) has been designed by the toy company behind the Transformers to change shape as it explores
The smaller ball-shaped rover is able to change shape so that it can move through the dry lunar soil without becoming stuck
This palm sized robot, which was designed by the toy manufacturer Tomy in collaboration with JAXA and will be launched from the lander before Slim touches down
Slim’s launch last September comes as a number of countries ramp up their moon missions.
As part of this new space race, NASA has backed another private landing attempt scheduled for later this year.
While the Peregrine lander, created by Astrobotics, suffered a fuel leak that made a landing impossible, NASA is hopeful that this new venture from Intuitive Machines will be more successful.
In total, NASA has scheduled five lunar landing attempts from private companies by 2024.
The American space agency is also pursuing its own goal of a crewed landing on the lunar satellite with the Artemis programme.
However, NASA recently announced that it would be delaying the Artemis III crewed landing until 2026 citing safety concerns.